Article • 15 min read
The ultimate guide to call centres
Whether you want to become a call centre agent or start your own call centre, here's everything you need to know before you get started.
By Whitney Rhodes
Last updated July 29, 2021
You might envision a call centre as a warehouse jammed with tiny desks where tired agents switch endlessly from one call to the next. While you wouldn’t be wrong in some case – the stereotypical call centre still exists for several legacy organisations – that reality is thankfully more of a rarity today.
Modern call centres are much better places to work. More companies are realising that improvements in customer service training and work satisfaction have a big impact on reducing call centre burnout and improving customer retention and satisfaction. And, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, call centre agents and managers now benefit from better technology and more flexible work options.
This is great news for anyone eyeing a call centre job, but it’s not the extent of what you should anticipate. From what it’s like to work at different types of call centres to what to look for in an employer, here’s everything you need to know about embarking on a call centre career.
In this call centre guide, you’ll find:
- What is a call centre?
- What’s the difference between a call centre and a contact centre?
- What are the different types of call centres?
- What jobs are available at a call centre?
- Four questions to ask a call centre employer
- What call centre technology will I work with?
- What is the future of call centres?
What is a call centre?
Call centre definition: a call centre is an organisation of sales and customer service agents and managers who handle incoming and outgoing communications from prospective and existing customers.
Many call centres focus on customer satisfaction and offering better overall support. Some may also aim to increase lead generation and get new customers or streamline payment and order processing. Regardless, call centres play an integral role in creating a great customer experience, so they must maintain a high level of service at all times to nurture relationships. This means call centre representatives need to be knowledgeable, patient and helpful when interacting with customers.
Today, many call centre employees work from home and benefit from enhanced training. They also aren’t necessarily confined to the phone – agents may use more advanced call centre software to communicate with customers via email, social media, chat and other messaging apps with ease.
Best of all, modern call centres offer stability and opportunity for job seekers. While companies around the world are experiencing higher call volumes due to COVID-19, this uptick was occurring well before the pandemic. In early 2019, call centres were already showing stable growth, with 285 new and expanding call centres creating over 133,200 new jobs.
What’s the difference between a call centre and a contact centre?
During your job search or interviews, you may see or hear ‘call centre’ and ‘contact centre’ used interchangeably – that’s because the terms are synonymous today. That wasn’t always the case, though.
The phone used to be the primary way customers contacted companies, but over the last decade, customers increasingly started choosing other channels to connect with sales and support teams. During this transition, companies used the term ‘contact centre’ to indicate more contemporary operations where teams communicated with customers over email, chat, messaging or other advanced technology.
While the contact centre model was considered ‘forward-thinking’ a few years ago, it’s now the status quo. Today, customers demand a seamless, omnichannel experience, so there isn’t really a distinction between call and contact centres anymore. When people do insist there’s a difference between a call centre and a contact centre, it’s the call centre that gets the bad rap.
“A lot of organisations shy away from the term ‘call centre’ because it comes with those legacy perceptions that they would like to get away from,” says Sarah Reed, former Contact Centre Leader and now Senior Director of Global Strategic Events at Zendesk. “Now, leaders are looking at what alternatives they want to use to refer to that service organisation.”
What are the different types of call centres?
Modern call centres have grown to address a variety of customer and company needs. They can be inbound or outbound, in-house or outsourced, proactive or reactive, or a mix of the options.
Inbound vs outbound call centres
At an outbound call centre, agents reach out to prospective and existing customers. These organisations usually run off an automatic dialer that rings a list of numbers and routes the call to an agent the second someone picks up the phone. The outbound approach is primarily used for sales, telemarketing, fundraising and market research.
An inbound call centre, on the other hand, fields incoming calls from existing customers. Agents at this type of call centre usually handle customer questions, problems, technical support, payments, renewals, etc.
You may also find job listings for hybrid call centres that manage both outgoing and incoming calls.
[Related read: Inbound vs. outbound call centres: What’s the difference?]Outsourced vs. in-house call centres
Sometimes, businesses don’t have the resources or the desire to run their own call centres, so they’ll hire an outsourced call centre or a business process outsourcing (BPO). In these cases, a separate organisation operates the call centre and even hires, trains and manages the support staff. Agents who work at outsourced call centres or BPOs may handle inbound calls, outbound calls, or both.
When a company does manage its own call centre, it’s known as an in-house call centre. Agents working here deal with that same company’s customers and answer questions about that specific company’s products or services. In-house agents often get to specialise in a certain product or customer base and typically have opportunities to advance within the company. It’s not uncommon for agents to start in the call centre and then transition to the product or sales team.
Some companies prefer a hybrid approach – they hire, train and cultivate a team that manages part of their customer support needs while outsourcing the rest.Reactive vs. proactive call centres
These two types of call centres differ in their approach to customer service.
A reactive call centre fixes problems as they arise. Agents at a reactive call centre spend more time de-escalating angry customers and resolving issues.
The proactive call centre engages customers before there’s a problem. Agents here spend more time upselling and cross-selling, as well as identifying and reaching out to at-risk customers.
What jobs are available at a call centre?
People who want to work at a call centre have several roles to choose from. Call centres hire agents and managers in addition to personnel for QA, training and workforce management.
Call centre agent
Also known as the customer service representative, virtual support agent or call centre specialist, this entry level role often doesn’t require prior customer service experience. But it does demand a certain mindset and skill set to manage a variety of tasks, which range from providing omnichannel support to troubleshooting customer issues.
While agents may have access to call centre scripts for certain situations, they don’t need to rely on them. Today’s call centre agents are empowered to think for themselves, gather the context they need and make decisions about how best to interact with each customer. Hiring managers look for candidates who demonstrate strong communication and problem-solving abilities, among other call centre skills.
Call centre agents should also be prepared to navigate charged customer conversations. While customers were willing to cut companies some slack in the early days of COVID-19, they now expect a normal – if not better – level of customer service. So it’s critical to have proper call centre etiquette.
“I refer to it as the ‘Pandemic Pass’, ” says Reed. “In March, April, and into the summer of 2020, customers recognised that the companies they were dealing with were going through the same things they were. So everybody was a bit more patient and empathetic. But the Pandemic Pass is over now, and customers want support that’s on par or better than what they got before.”
In response, hiring managers are looking for agents who can stay calm and think clearly when dealing with angry customers. Empathy is now just as important as communication skills.
[Related read: Want to be a call centre representative? Here’s what you need to know.]
Call centre manager
A call centre manager – also known as a customer service manager, business operations manager or customer experience manager – usually has three or more years of experience in customer service, according to the Zendesk Customer Experience Trends Report 2020.
Call centre managers keep agents engaged, trained and performing. They step in to help with more complex problems and de-escalations. They also evaluate processes and technology to keep everyone productive.
With COVID-19, managers have to be confident in monitoring, directing and coaching agents from afar. Since they aren’t able to walk into an office for a quick face-to-face chat with an agent, managers must create virtual touchpoints to regularly connect with their team. They also heavily rely on data to track how their agents are performing, so call centre managers should be comfortable using analytical tools and reviewing metrics.
Specialities and other roles in customer service
There are opportunities to move out of call centre agent and manager roles but stay in customer service. If you’d rather focus on the employee experience, consider working in QA, training or workforce management. Modern call centres are expanding these teams to deal with increasingly complex organisational structures and needs.
If you want to continue working as an agent or manager but within a more specific role, look for a company like Zendesk that invests in specialities. We assign product specialists to our teams who focus on either the support side or the sales side of Zendesk Suite. These specialists have a direct line to the corresponding product team to ensure they’re getting up-to-date and accurate information. Instead of expecting each of our agents to know the ins and outs of every Zendesk product, the team collaborates with the specialists to get the information they need.
As a specialist, you may focus on a particular product, channel or type of customer interaction. Some teams cultivate roles dedicated to dealing with escalations alone.
Four questions to ask a call centre employer
Ready to create your call centre CV and apply for roles? During your job search, look for companies that invest in their people. You want to make sure your prospective employer provides everything you need to thrive in your new role. Ask these questions in interviews to suss out your potential employer’s commitment to advocating for its customer service team.
What equipment do you provide for employees who work from home?
Expect your employer to send you the essentials or give you a stipend to purchase them your own. Push for flexible technology like a laptop, wireless headphones and other items that meet your unique needs.What hours would I work and how do you encourage your team to take breaks throughout the day?
Look for an employer who offers not only flexible hours, but also regular workday breaks and personal/mental health days.What are the opportunities for advancement? Is it possible to move to other roles within the company outside of customer service?
You can get a feel for how much the company values its support staff while also getting a sense of your options down the road. After all, you want to ensure a potential employer will encourage your career growth.
Smart employers realise that call centre agents can talk about the product or service better than anyone, making them excellent additions to product and sales teams. So, look for companies that provide a path for agents to get there.What channels will I use to communicate with customers?
The ideal answer here depends on your preference. You may want to dedicate most of your work hours to the channel you want to specialise in. Or you might feel more comfortable sticking with the channel you have the most experience with as you get to know the product, the customers and the new role.
But if you prefer to break up your day, you’ll likely want to choose a call centre role that enables you to switch from channel to channel. “Instead of being on the phone all day, you can talk to customers via chat for a while or slow down and answer emails,” says Reed. “You can even get into social apps where you may be able to have a little bit more fun. Change things up to break up the day and enjoy your experience more.”
What call centre technology will I work with?
Beyond basic equipment – a headset, computer and Internet connection – you’ll likely use modern call centre software like Zendesk. Call routing, agent desktops, learning management systems and other tools make work easier and more satisfying for agents and managers.
- Intelligent call routing: This tech sends tickets to the right agents depending on their skills, channel, availability, or all three.
- An omnichannel agent desktop: This interface provides a complete view of a customer’s history and interactions across all communication channels, giving agents the context needed to provide the best possible customer experience.
- A learning management system: Gone are the days of in-office training sessions. Now that training happens virtually, agents and managers have more say in how, when and where they learn. This software stands apart from the agent dashboard and provides virtual training sessions for employees.
- A workforce management system: Managers use this type of system to monitor agent activity in real-time, track contact volume and capacity, predict future coverage needs and create schedules. This software can integrate with the central dashboard or stand alone.
- Self-service options: Interactive voice response (IVR), knowledge bases, community forums, AI chat and other automation help customers help themselves. When customers can solve basic problems on their own, agents and managers can focus on helping other customers with more complex needs.
[Related read: The 12 best call centre software systems of 2021 (according to users).]
What is the future of call centres?
COVID-19 was the “great accelerator”, according to Reed. Before the pandemic, technology upgrades, work-from-home options and change in general were slow and hard to justify at legacy call centres. The pandemic forced call centres to become more flexible for customers and staff alike.
This flexibility shows up in a few ways. Call centres now embrace more communication channels. They also offer more self-service options to ease the burden of high call volumes on their support teams. And today, agents work primarily from home, with better technology and more channels to specialise in.
We expect these changes to persist, even after the pandemic ends. In fact, we anticipate call centres will double down on self-service options and explore new co-sourcing environments.
Companies will experiment more with co-sourcing
Historically, when companies used outsourcing to manage their call centres, they split customer interactions in basic ways. Half of the customer calls might go to the outsourced team, for example, while the other half would route to the in-house team. But increasing complexity in customer journeys and interactions has companies redesigning their outsourcing models, leading to new co-sourcing environments.
Co-sourcing is a more flexible hybrid outsourcing model that connects customers to agents in a more intentional way depending on the company’s customer and team needs. Businesses might direct simple customer problems to outsourced call centre agents if self-service fails. They would then keep the more complicated or product-specific customer queries in-house for their more knowledgeable agents to handle.
Another co-sourcing organisation might train its in-house team to specialise in the channels its customers use most; such as email, chat and messaging. The company would manage all customer interactions on those channels and hire an outsourced team to field phone calls.
We expect more companies to experiment with unique co-sourcing models as their customer service organisations and operations become more nuanced. This opens the door for more variety in call centre roles. Agents can increase their skills by spending more time on complex enquiries or can even specialise in a specific type of customer engagement.
Self-service will continue to evolve
With call volumes spiking due to the pandemic, customer service organisations are refining their self-service options in an effort to reduce their support staff’s workload. There’s a lot to gain here – according to the Zendesk Customer Experience Trends Report 2020, only a third of companies offer some form of self-service, representing an opportunity for these companies to pull ahead of their competition and differentiate around how they meet customers.
IVR, knowledge bases, community forums and chatbots are just the beginning. We predict self-service technology will improve in the coming years as more companies (and customers) demand effective self-service options:
Automation features in call centre software will become increasingly advanced, offering smarter and more ‘human’ interactions.
Information in knowledge bases, help centres and community forums will become easier to discover and take action on.
Customer service agents and managers will play a larger role in keeping those resources updated.
Teams will become more intentional about self-service, creating a strategy to follow and adjust over time.
Kick off your call centre career
Ready to take the next step? Get a glimpse into what it’s like to work in a customer service call centre, learn more about the technology you’ll use and start building a stellar call centre CV. You should also read about what’s important in customer service today (according to support leaders), and discover ways to grow your skills and become a CX leader yourself.
